Life Expectancy

Can your expectations determine how long you will live?

I believe lots of us actually die because of our expectations. We're conditioned to believe the average lifespan is around eighty years, so we wind down and die right on schedule. We usually get what we expect, not what we want. What if you expected to live to 100? Wouldn't you naturally gravitate toward the habits that will make that happen? Wouldn't your thoughts and emotions be more positive? How about longer? Loads of research tells us we should stay healthy for up to 100 years. But why don't we? Could it start with your attitude? Don't cop out by blaming it on your genes or on luck. Really, 65–75% of it is the choices you make. Your genes account for less that 35%.

This is backed up by hard science. Studies have shown that people who just think they are aging faster actually do age faster!

If you always think the glass is half full, you're on the right track. Mayo Clinic research shows that people with positive outlooks typically live 19% longer than people who see the glass as half empty. Although it's questionable if this can be attributed to optimists being more likely to seek medical help when they're ill, or if their immune systems strengthen as a result of their sunny outlook. The end result is though, they live longer. Optimists are also less likely to suffer depression and helplessness than their pessimistic counterparts.

To support the hypothesis that their immune systems are actually strengthened, Dr. Bruce Lipton’s experiments, and that of other leading-edge scientists, have examined in great detail the processes by which your cells receive information. The implications of this research radically change our understanding of life. It shows that genes and DNA do not control your biology. Instead, DNA is controlled by signals from outside your cells, including the energetic messages emanating from your positive and negative thoughts.

He clearly describes the connection between your core thoughts, beliefs and attitudes and how your cells function as a result. Happy thoughts put your cells’ functions in balance. Hateful, angry and resentful thoughts do the exact opposite. They suppress your immune system, alter your hormones, upset your digestive system, and diminish your brain function and respiration.

Dr. Lipton’s profoundly hopeful synthesis of the latest and best research in cell biology and quantum physics is being hailed as a major breakthrough showing your body can be changed as you retrain your thinking. His book, The Biology of Belief is a groundbreaking work in the field of New Biology.

In addition, an often repeated study showed that when a person’s living cells from different organs are put in separate dishes, cells from one organ would respond when cells from a different organ in a different dish were stimulated. If the cells were from two different people, they would not get the reaction. This means the trillions of cells in your body are always in direct communication with one another, even if they are not in direct contact by chemical or neurological pathways.

Stub a toe, and all your cells react. Poison your body with cigarette smoke or toxic food, and you stimulate every cell. Subject yourself to uncontrolled stress, and you stress tens of trillions of cells. Now can you see why stress management and attitude are so critical to your health and longevity?

Now that you know your thoughts affect every single cell in your body, what are you going to do about it? Since you now realize positive, loving and grateful thoughts keep you healthy and make you live longer, while negative thoughts destroy you from the inside out, you have a big anti-aging advantage. What happens to you usually doesn’t matter one bit. How you react means everything.

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LATEST HEALTHY LIFE EXTENSION HEADLINES

Cryonics as Emergency Medicine (November 21 2008) http://www.depressedmetabolism.com/2008/11/19/cryonics-sets-example-for-emergency-medicine/
From Depressed Metabolism: "One of the most neglected aspects of cryonics is that its procedures, and the research to support them, can have important practical applications in mainstream fields such as organ preservation and emergency medicine. Contrary to popular opinion, cryonics does not just involve an optimistic extrapolation of existing science but can set the standard for these disciplines. As a matter of fact, that is exactly what cryonics, and cryonics associated research, has been doing over the last 25 years. It is encouraging to observe that some of the procedures that are routine in cryonics stabilization protocol are starting to catch on in mainstream emergency medicine practice as well. For example, contemporary cryonics stabilization protocol has been strongly shaped by the idea that the best strategy to limit brain injury after cardiac arrest is to combine a number of different interventions: cardiopulmonary support, induction of hypothermia, and administration of circulation-supporting and neuroprotective medications. It is therefore very encouraging to learn that the Wake County EMS group in North Carolina has achieved impressive results in treating out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims using a protocol that closely follows elements of current cryonics stabilization protocol."

Building New Pancreatic Cells (November 21 2008) http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081120130539.htm
Regenerative medicine advances, step by step: "researchers have developed an unlimited number of pure insulin-producing cells from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). These pure insulin-producing cells, which according to electron microscopy studies, have the same sub-cellular structures as the insulin-producing cells naturally found in the pancreas, were highly effective in treating diabetes in the mouse model. The transplants of pure insulin-producing cells reduced the blood glucose levels of diabetic mice with high blood glucose levels. None of the diabetic mice involved in the transplant experiments developed teratoma, which are a type of tumor often associated with ESCs and which could complicate their use in human therapeutic treatment. Furthermore, the pure insulin-producing cells managed to retain their insulin-production and glucose-sensing capacity over time. Besides providing a tool to facilitate basic research in test tubes and animals, these insulin-producing cells may be also used to replace the isolated native pancreatic cells that are hard to obtain in a large amount, for pharmacological tests."

Towards Accurate Biomarkers of Aging (November 20 2008) http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-11/bifa-but111208.php
From EurekAlert!: researchers "have identified for the first time biomarkers of aging which are highly predictive of both chronological and physiological age. Biomarkers are biochemical features that can be used to measure the progress of disease or the effects of treatment. The research involves nematode worms, microarrays which measure changes in gene expression, and complex computer algorithms. This is the first step toward identifying similar biomarkers in humans which would provide a means of scientifically validating anti-aging therapies. This is the first evidence that physiological age can be predicted non-subjectively. This is a first step; our results were not perfect, but we were able to predict the ages of the animals 70% of the time, which is far better than anything that has been done before. Research into the biology of aging in humans has been hampered by the lack of irrefutable biomarkers that correlate with the aging process. I am confident that at some point there will be a non-subjective method of determining how old someone is with a high level of confidence."

Inflammation and Alzheimer's (November 19 2008) http://pmid.us/19014446
A prodrome is an early set of non-specific symptoms that herald a particular disease. Here, researchers point to chronic inflammation as a prodrome of Alzheimer's (AD): "Recently, the term 'inflammaging' was coined [to] characterize a widely accepted paradigm that ageing is accompanied by a low-grade chronic up-regulation of certain pro-inflammatory responses. Inflammaging differs significantly the from [traditional] acute inflammation in that it is characterized by a relative decline in adaptive immunity. While the over-active innate immunity characteristic of inflammaging may remain subclinical in many elderly individuals, a portion of individuals (postulated to have a "high responder inflammatory genotype") may shift from a state of "normal" or "subclinical" inflammaging to one or more of a number of age-associated diseases. Although conditions of enhanced innate immune response with overproduction of pro-inflammatory proteins are associated with both healthy aging and AD, it is suggested that those who age 'well' demonstrate anti-inflammaging mechanisms and biomarkers that likely counteract the adverse immunity of inflammaging. Thus, opposing the features of inflammaging may prevent or treat the symptoms of AD."

Regeneration via Embryonic Stem Cells (November 19 2008) http://www.reuters.com/articlePrint?articleId=USTRE4AI02220081119
From Reuters: "Stem cells from tiny embryos can be used to restore lost hearing and vision in animals, researchers said Tuesday in what they believe is a first step toward helping people. One team repaired hearing in guinea pigs using human bone marrow stem cells, while another grew functioning eyes in tadpoles using frog cells. They grew the stem cells into neuron-like cells in lab dishes and then transplanted them into the inner ears of the guinea pigs. Three months later, the animals appeared to have some hearing. The goal was to regrow the tiny hair cells that are essential for mammals to hear, although she is not sure yet how the stem cells made this happen. They would eventually like to try something similar in humans." These are early stage proof-of-concept demonstrations. It is an illustration of progress that they do not stand out as exceptional amidst advances in the many other lines of regenerative research presently taking place.

More on the Biochemical Value of Exercise (November 18 2008) http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-11/aps-eib111708.php
Exercise is good for you: "A new study confirms that exercise can reverse the age-related decline in the production of neural stem cells in the hippocampus of the mouse brain, and suggests that this happens because exercise restores a brain chemical which promotes the production and maturation of new stem cells. One hypothesis the researchers investigated is that the age-related decline in neurogenesis is tied to a rise in corticosterone in middle age. Elevation of corticosterone has been associated with a drop in the production of new stem cells in the hippocampus. The second hypothesis is that nerve growth factors -- which encourage new neural cell growth but which decrease with age -- account for the drop in neurogenesis. Production of neural stem cells improved by approximately 200% compared to the middle-aged mice that did not exercise. In addition, the survival of new nerve cells increased by 170% and growth by 190% compared to the sedentary middle-aged mice. ... Based on these results, it appears that nerve growth factor has more to do with these findings than the corticosterone."
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Aging is Slowly Stealing Our Lives

You and I are both aware that aging is slowly stealing our health, our vigor and our lives. Yet we function without a sense of urgency to do something about aging. Why? Because we’re bombarded with our personal and career responsibilities and daily distractions. And those squeaky wheels are what get our attention. This is totally normal and logical. We have to take care of our families, get our haircuts and pay attention to endless details. Who has time to really make a commitment to being proactive when it comes to something as abstract as age-reversal?

That’s the way I used to think. But taking paths of least resistance normally leads us down reactive paths. In other words, we usually let outside forces control our lives. It isn’t until we’re faced with a crisis that those forces take a backseat to focusing on something that may have been avoided in the first place. Sometimes, that crisis means life or death.

This really hit home when I just found out a close and loved associate was diagnosed with one of the deadliest forms of cancer. What’s even more tragic is he’s an active life extension researcher. That’s the worst of ironies.

I am saddened to report that Dr. Chris Heward, one of the original participants of MaxLife’s first international scientific brainstorm sessions to reverse aging, is fighting an uphill battle for his life. Chris is Director of the Kronos Science Laboratories of Phoenix, AZ. He has been diagnosed with terminal, Stage-IV Esophageal Cancer. The cancer has metastasized to several other organs, and consequently his condition has a poor prognosis (50% mortality in 90 days and about 99% in a year).

Since surgery is no longer a realistic option, Chris has proposed to undergo an experimental but very promising immunotherapy treatment in Boca Raton, FL. However, this treatment requires blood donors less than 30 years old with "A" or "O" positive or negative blood types and no prior history of cancer in their families. If you are in—or if you know anyone in this category who would be willing to donate several units of blood to retrieve the granulocyte cells, please get in touch with me as soon as possible. Not only could this experimental treatment save Chris, but it could lead to a universal cure for many types of cancer. Here’s an opportunity to contribute to a great cause that could ultimately save many lives by making a simple referral.

Thank you in advance for your attention to this critical matter.
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LATEST HEALTHY LIFE EXTENSION HEADLINES

Researchers on Aging (November 14 2008) http://www.mcclatchydc.com/226/story/55835.html
An article of quotes from various noted aging reseachers: "Aging is caused by the gradual, lifelong accumulation of a wide variety of molecular and cellular damage. The free radical theory is the most widely accepted theory of aging. But the idea that aging is caused by one thing is naive. One general theory can never fit all. Clearly, it's the combination of genes that your parents dealt you and the lifestyle choices you make and the environmental toxins one is exposed to. One need only count the number of ways a car will fail to start to appreciate that aging can be caused by a large number of problems. Like any machine, it's going to wear out. About 25 percent of how a person ages is due to inherited genes. Certain genes control a cell's ability to repair damaged DNA. If those genes are defective, they can't do their job. Not everybody will be susceptible to diseases like Parkinson's or cancer as they age. But each one of us will lose muscle mass and muscle strength. That's why this research is so important. Frailty affects all of us."

Enhanced Longevity through Telomerase (November 14 2008) http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/38552/title/Telomere_enzyme_a_likely_key_to_longevity
From Science News: "the enzyme telomerase can extend the lifespan of mice by about 24 percent. Telomerase lengthens telomeres - the 'caps' on the end of chromosomes that protect DNA from damage. Like burning fuses, telomeres normally get shorter each time that most body cells divide. While the enzyme enables cells to keep dividing, it also takes cells one step closer to growing and proliferating out of control - that is, becoming cancerous. Lab animals with extra genes for telomerase often die young from tumors. [researchers] engineered mice to have not only an extra copy of the gene for telomerase, but also extra anti-tumor genes to combat the enzyme's cancer-causing potential. In the altered mice, signs of aging such as poor coordination or degraded tissue health were delayed compared to mice that had only the extra copies of anti-tumor genes." Most interesting; you might also want to look at recent research that suggests telomerase operates by protecting mitochondria, and less damaged mitochondria means better preservation of telomeres - but, more importantly for life span, less oxidative stress.

Better Synthetic Cartilage (November 13 2008) http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081113075959.htm
From ScienceDaily: "Until now, creating synthetic cartilage was complex but not impossible. The problem was that it was impossible to imitate the perfection of human cartilage due to the difficulty in orienting the collagen nanofibers [in] a particular configuration: in parallel, in a circle, or crossed. The fibers that form the cartilage that protects the knee are aligned in parallel. [Researchers have now] achieved this using the electrospinning method. Collagen nanofibers are obtained by exposing the collagen to electrical discharges. The collagen is extruded, in the form of a nanofiber thread, through a fine needle and is deposited on an electric collector consisting of two grounded plates. The student placed a nonconductive material between the two conducting plates. The nanofibers aligned on top of each other perfectly in parallel lines between the two conducting plates." Innovations in engineering the simpler forms of human tissue have been arriving more rapidly of late - more scientists are involved, the tools are improving, and the cost of research is falling. This is all groundwork for the next decade and tissue engineering of complex replacement organs.

Steps towards Liver Regeneration (November 13 2008) http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/news/News_Releases/2008/11/liver-stem-cell-marker.html
Discovering a stem cell population is the first step to regenerating the tissue they support: "A novel protein marker has been found that identifies rare adult liver stem cells, whose ability to regenerate injured liver tissue has the potential for cell-replacement therapy. In the future, this marker will allow for the isolation and expansion of these stem cells, which could then be used to help patients whose livers can no longer repair their own tissue. In a healthy liver, proliferation of mature liver and bile-duct lining cells is sufficient to maintain the necessary size and function of the organ. This even works when the liver is confronted with mild and acute injury, but the situation changes when injury to the liver is chronic and severe. For chronic injury, the liver uses a back-up system that stimulates stem cells to proliferate and eventually differentiate into new liver cells. [Researchers] found that these dual-potential stem cells can be identified and potentially isolated from other liver cells."

More on Myelin Loss (November 12 2008)
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-11/mnia-itw111208.php
You might recall that age-related thinning of the myelin that insulates nerves strongly correlates with declining brain function. Researchers investigating MS are making progress into the mechanisms by which this happens: the protein netrin-1 "is known to guide and direct nerve cell axons to their targets. Blocking the function of netrin-1 and one of its receptors in adult neural tissue causes the disruption of myelin. We've known for just over 10 years that netrin is essential for normal development of the nervous system, and we also knew that netrin was present in the adult brain, but we didn't know why. The new findings show that
netrin-1 and its receptor are needed to hold paranodal junctions in place, and thereby maintain the structure of myelin. The paranodal junction is a highly specialized region of contact where an oligodendrocyte cell attaches itself to the nerve cell's axon. This juncture acts as a molecular fence, which organizes and segregates the distribution of key proteins along the nerve cells axon and plays an imperative role in the proper conduction of electrical signals along the length of the nerve cell. When the function of netrin-1 and its receptor is disrupted, the organization of this adhesive junction comes apart, disrupting the function of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord."

Brain Growth Receptors and Lifespan (November 10 2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060274
A very readable overview of recent research from PLoS Biology: "When resources are short, growing organisms face an existential choice: should you ignore the shortage and hope for better times soon, or scale back and live within your limited means? And if you do scale back, will there be any payoff later in life? For animals, these choices are played out hormonally, with environmental fluctuations leading to internal rearrangements in endocrine signal and response throughout the growing body. In mammals, two principal hormones - growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) - promote growth. Remarkably, inhibiting one or both of these two not only retards growth, but also extends lifespan, not just in lab animals, but possibly also in people: mutations that reduce the function of the IGF-1 receptor have recently been discovered in centenarians (who are also short). Growth occurs throughout the body, and receptors for IGF-1 are found in every organ on virtually every cell. But [researchers have now shown] that it is the IGF-1 receptors in the brain that set the pattern for growth and lifespan."

Mainstream Press on the Singularity and Longevity (November 10 2008) http://english.ohmynews.com/ArticleView/article_view.asp?menu=A11100&no=384115&rel_no=1
An interesting, if flawed, article on the singularity and engineered longevity via the Korean OhmyNews: "Amidst the rapid changes of society ranging from general advances in science and technology to politics and social policy, with respect to knowledge, there is an emergent issue that promises to radically change our lives and our reality. It is predicted that within less than 20 years, the human lifespan will be extended to perhaps 150 or more years. Scientists and futurists on the cutting edge of thought about science and society believe that the increase in lifespan is one step towards what will be known as the Singularity, at which time, life might be extended indefinitely depending upon environmental conditions. The Singularity is the term used for a technological integration unheard of; it is a theoretical future point of unprecedented technological progress, caused in part by the ability of machines to improve themselves using artificial intelligence. It was just over a hundred years ago, when the human lifespan began to double to what it is today. It is possible that most people who lived only to 35 years of age thought that to live to 72 years would be too long and that they would be too tired. Nevertheless, we have adjusted and found life to be meaningful, even in our current 'long' life of 72 years."

A Valuable Lesson

As promised, I’m going to pass on a valuable lesson from Dr. Pete Hilgartner.

What is your first reaction to a crisis? Let’s say you get diagnosed with a serious illness. First your heart skips a beat and then thunders like a jackhammer. Maybe you break out in a cold sweat. Then when reality sets in, do you retreat? Do you roll up in a fetal position, pull the covers over your head and hope your problems disappear? Do you tend to sleep more, head for the liquor cabinet or pray harder than you had in years?

How about when you life’s savings gets wiped out overnight due to mismanagement, theft, the economy or just by hard luck?

Or what do you do when the economy slows down, and your customers’ orders slow to a trickle, or you get laid off?

What about when all the real estate equity you built over the years vanishes overnight?

Time to retreat, right? Batten down the hatches. Cut expenses. Downsize. Deprive yourself until things get better. That’s what most people do, and that’s one reason the press tells you our economy sucks.

What if there was a better way to handle crises? Well there is. In fact there are two. The first is offered up by Dr. Pete. The second by yours truly.

Dr. Pete is a fascinating guy and a successful student of life. He was very sickly as a child, way sicker than most people could tolerate. But his illnesses motivated him to set lofty goals. He decided to win an Olympic gold metal, to become an officer in the Marine Corps and to become a physician. He was well on his way to a shot at the gold when his aching back tripped him up. So he joined the Marines and later became a successful physician.

The Marines taught him one of life’s great lessons. They taught him how to survive an ambush.

Capt. Pete survived six ambushes in fact. He realized he survived them the same way he survived his childhood injuries and the same way he’s surviving today’s economic climate. When you’re ambushed, the Marines teach you to head for an escape route. But what is there is none? What do you do when the enemy closes off all escape? Then you make yourself as small a target as possible, right? Wrong!

If you want to escape, to survive, you do the counter-intuitive. You do the unexpected. You expand… and attack. But don’t just sort of expand. Expand with decisiveness, purpose, order and with a plan. Play offense instead of defense. Overcome your fear and take the fight to the enemy. Dr. Pete and most of the company he commanded live today because of that one critical lesson.

Have you noticed that when people are filled with fear, they tend to withdraw? They stop communicating. If they do communicate, it’s usually to complain about how bad things are. When you’re down, be a beacon of optimism. Take charge of your situation. Every cell in your body will react and rally you to your recovery.

Can you force yourself to expand, when every fiber of your existence wants to do what everyone else is doing; succumbing and contracting to fear? Yes, you can!

I have another way to not only survive, but to prosper as well. It’s your surest path to sound health and longevity. In a word, it’s “prevention”. Expand now, and avoid your ambushes. Head off disease and illness by taking precautionary measures now and forever.

It’s a well-known fact that people will go to the ends of the earth searching for cures but will ignore preventative measures. Terminal diseases and what is happening now are concretes. The threat of disease and the future are abstracts. So we live for the moment while internal time bombs tick away. Sooner or later, one catches up with you. And more often than not, it’s too late. If you catch it early enough and/or expand and attack, you have a chance to beat it back. But not all of Capt. Pete’s soldiers got out alive.

Will tomorrow’s technologies obsolete death from aging and other diseases? I’m certain of it. Will we all live to see the day? Unfortunately, no. And most of those who miss the extreme longevity boat will miss it because of inattention to prevention. Some will make it because they will expand when their crisis catches up with them. But with so much at stake, why roll the dice? Play to win, not to not lose. Expand right now, before it’s too late.

Now getting back to reacting to a health crisis. I’m afraid I have some terrible news for you. You have a terminal disease that no one has ever survived. You were born with it, and you too will die from it – unless you improve your odds by expanding and by preventing. It’s called aging. Instead of complaining about it, or even joking about it, for the first time in history, you can actually do something about it. One contribution many of us can make is supporting the research that will conquer the effects of aging while you are still alive. The other is simply taking a proactive approach to your health to keep yourself alive until emerging medical miracles will give you a new lease on life.
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LATEST HEALTHY LIFE EXTENSION HEADLINES

The Most Important Research (November 07 2008) http://www.exchangemagazine.com/morningpost/2008/week45/Friday/1107018.htm
From the Exchange Morning Post, a statist, public funding viewpoint on longevity science: "Learning how to turn back time - or at least how to slow the aging process - may be more important for improving our overall health than the discovery of a cure for cancer. There are real, tangible benefits, for society as well as individuals, to slowing down the aging process. 'By extending the life span, people would remain in the workforce longer, personal income and savings would increase, age entitlement programs would face less pressure from shifting demographics, and national economies would flourish'. Almost half of the current population over 75 years old is limited in their activity by chronic conditions, with costs to society set to rise dramatically. Given the current predicament we face, we can't ignore the call to tackle aging more aggressively. To those who ask: 'Can we really afford to invest more in such research?' we can reply: 'Can we really afford not to tackle aging?' The greatest obstacle will be convincing the general public that slowing the aging process is both feasible and deserving of a larger share of the funds available for scientific research."

An Overview of Cryonics (November 07 2008) http://kn.theiet.org/magazine/issues/0819/science-without-deadline.cfm
A good article on cryonics from Engineering and Technology: "The field of cryonics, which made its debut in the 1960s, continues to push the envelope and search for a solution to death. The process consists of preserving legally dead humans or pets at very low temperature (below -130C) in the hope that future science can restore them to life, youth, and health. The advancement of medicine and science is so much faster than it used to be. Science fiction is becoming science fact on a daily basis. All of a sudden, cryonics doesn't look quite so far-fetched. Most cryonicists believe reanimations will occur within 50 to 100 years for those currently being cryopreserved. Within that time frame, virtually all current diseases should be curable and elderly people can probably be rejuvenated to a youthful condition. With full disclosures and signed consent, [cryonics] is highly ethical. When you think about the grand scheme of things, cryonics is a lot more conservative than burial or conventional cremation. Tissue preserved at the temperature of liquid nitrogen does not deteriorate, even after centuries of storage. Therefore, if current medical technology can’t keep us alive, we can instead choose to be preserved in liquid nitrogen, with the expectation that future medical technology should be able to reverse any cryopreservation injury and restore good health.

Cells as Vectors for Targeted Therapies (November 06 2008) http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-11/miot-mct110508.php
The possibilities of bioengineering are endless, and one of the most energetic branches of the research community is involved in developing methods of precisely targeting therapies: "MIT engineers have outfitted cells with tiny 'backpacks' that could allow them to deliver chemotherapy agents, diagnose tumors or become building blocks for tissue engineering. The polymer backpacks allow researchers to use cells to ferry tiny cargoes and manipulate their movements using magnetic fields. Since each patch covers only a small portion of the cell surface, it does not interfere with the cell's normal functions or prevent it from interacting with the external environment. Researchers worked with B and T cells, two types of immune cells that can home to various tissues in the body, including tumors, infection sites, and lymphoid tissues - a trait that could be exploited to achieve targeted drug or vaccine delivery. The researchers found that T cells with backpacks were able to perform their normal functions, including migrating across a surface, just as they would without anything attached. By loading the backpacks with magnetic nanoparticles, the researchers can control the cells' movement with a magnetic field."

Towards a Rejuvenated Thymus (November 06 2008) http://www.uga.edu/news/artman/publish/081106_Manley_Research.shtml
One approach to the issue of declining naive T-cells with age - and consequence failure of the immune system - is to boost production by manipulating the thymus: "a key gene may be crucial to maintaining the production of the thymus and its disease-fighting T-cells after an animal's birth. The discovery could help scientists find out how to turn the thymus back on so it could produce T-cells long after it normally shuts down most of its function, which, for humans, occurs by early adulthood. If the finding leads to further ways to manipulate the gene, the result could be a new avenue for the body to fight disease more effectively as the body ages. Such things as infectious diseases, inflammation and heart problems are all related to immune response. You don't have to think far to see how understanding the effect of this gene could affect the quality of life for older people and others as well. If [physicians] were able selectively to turn T-cell production back on, then many diseases that currently afflict older people could become manageable if not, in cases, entirely absent."

Boosting the Aging Immune System (November 05 2008) http://pmid.us/18981163
Many research groups are working on ways to boost the effectiveness of an exhausted immune system - due to either chronic viral infection or aging - without necessarily aiming to address the root causes: "In contrast to most normal somatic cells, which show little or no telomerase activity, immune cells up-regulate telomerase in concert with activation. Nevertheless, during aging and chronic HIV-1 infection, there are high proportions of dysfunctional [immune cells] with short telomeres. Exposure of CD8(+) T lymphocytes from HIV-infected human donors to a small molecule telomerase activator (TAT2) modestly retards telomere shortening, increases proliferative potential, and, importantly, enhances cytokine/chemokine production and antiviral activity. The enhanced antiviral effects were abrogated in the presence of a potent and specific telomerase inhibitor, suggesting that TAT2 acts primarily through telomerase activation. Our study is the first to use a pharmacological telomerase-based approach to enhance immune function."

Incremental Improvements in Scaffolding (November 03 2008) http://www.technologyreview.com/printer_friendly_article.aspx?id=21625&channel=biomedicine&section=
From the MIT Technology Review: "Engineering heart tissue presents particularly tough problems for researchers, since the heart is an active organ. Scaffolds designed for other kinds of tissues did not have the right mechanical properties for heart tissue. Heart tissue must be flexible enough to change shape as the heart contracts, but also strong enough to withstand the intense forces generated by these contractions. The researchers designed the scaffold to encourage cells to align themselves in the same direction to better mimic this property of natural heart muscle tissue. Using a laser cutting technique, they created a pattern of oblong holes in the polymer; the result is a flexible, honeycomb-like structure that is stiffer in one direction than another. Just as rowers line up in one direction to propel a boat forward, 'all the heart muscle cells in a given region have to be lined up and contracting in the same direction' in order for the heart to beat efficiently. The honeycomb-like scaffold [represents] a 'substantial jump' toward that goal. If we had a biodegradable biomaterial, which had beating heart cells, we might be able to return function to [damaged parts] of the heart."

A General Interest Calorie Restriction Article (November 03 2008) http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5i8eh2v_zPiht03CZWKvVulsaPYqAAs the science advances, these articles get more positive. Recall the ridicule heaped upon the practice of calorie restriction even just a few years ago. "Some people are doing it strictly to enhance longevity. Others do it to avoid age-related disease, or because they already have diabetes, high cholesterol or clogged arteries and want to clean up their bodies by using diet. In rich countries, 90 percent of the population probably eats, on average, about 50 percent too much. Even if they were to reduce their calorie intake by half, they would still only be at baseline. A wealth of scientific evidence has confirmed that maintaining that balance helps prevent type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. But experiments with both animals and humans have also shown that pushing one's calorie intake 10 to 20 percent below that baseline threshold -- without lowering nutrients -- may provide additional health advantages. Will this add 10 years to your life? Nobody knows. But one thing is sure -- calorie restriction will help you reach your maximum lifespan potential, which is different for all of us depending on our genetic profile."

A Jobe Kind of Year

Dear Future Centenarian,

It’s been a Jobe kind of year so far. Let me count the ways:

We launched a market trading technology that took 12 years to develop that was designed to raise hundreds of millions of dollars for life extension research. Good news, right? Wrong! We launched it on the exact day the markets fell apart. A bunch of money vanished, and critical life extending projects are on hold..
I hired a contractor to build a real estate project. He promised a 10 month delivery date. Here it is, over three years later, and still not quite done. Meanwhile, the bottom fell out of the market this year, and poof, a couple of million plus – up in smoke.
The same contractor got into a dispute with a sub contractor, who put a lien on the property since the contractor won’t pay. Legal fees and headaches all last week. He cost me hundreds of hours wasted on a project that was supposed to be turnkey.
Father Time stole another year from me.
A borrower defaulted on a big loan.
Verizon inadvertently disconnected my Internet service 17 days ago… and it took 15 of those days to get me back online. When I checked to see why, they inactivated my account instead of reconnecting it. Almost four hours spent on phone calls with about a dozen different representatives. Sound familiar?
There is a situation as bad as #2 that I don’t even want to talk about.
There’s another as bad as #7.
A funder for a key longevity technology was not able to perform on his commitment. Meanwhile, the markets hit the skids, and now it will be 10 times harder to get funding. I believe thousands of lives may ultimately terminate as a result, and a small fortune is jeopardized.
My electric bed took on a mind of its own. From time-to-time, without any warning, the head and foot rise in unison, trapping me in a wedge. The last time it happened, the head inclined just fast enough to barely keep me from reaching the remote. The more I stretched, the farther out-of-reach it got. I had to get rescued. A little joke on Dave.
The final straw. My Vita-Mix (my most important health drink tool) gave out yesterday J.

You might be wondering why I’m sharing my tales of woe with you. Sure, I know, you have your own challenges to cope with. Once again, all this has something to do with your health and longevity.

I’m one of those guys you might hate running into when you are troubled. Instead of getting sympathy, you’ll get an irritating dose of sunshine and a pep talk, just when you wanted someone to share your misery with. Well, I should say, I’m usually that optimistic guy. I have to admit that numbers 1-11 above started consuming my thoughts. And that’s bad. It’s bad because it’s extremely unhealthy, life-shortening and counterproductive… and because I know better.

Do you know your thoughts affect every single cell in your body? Positive, loving grateful thoughts keep you healthy and make you live longer. Negative thoughts destroy you from the inside out. What happens to you usually doesn’t matter one bit. How you react means everything. A new friend reminded me of this in a very interesting way. His name is Dr. Pete Hilgartner, and I’m going to share his words of wisdom with you next week.

I don’t care what your situation is. You have plenty to be grateful for. I know I do. I have lots of positive things and people in my life. I’ve been fortunate enough to have attracted better friends, partners and relationships than most could ever hope for. I also lucked out in the health department. And get this. Just yesterday, a close friend and associate told me a benefactor pledged enough funding to finish developing a technology which may allow you and me to actually live as long as we want someday.

Then there are the little things I tend to take for granted. I started yesterday with a nutritious, delicious breakfast and ended it with a fabulous dinner. I live in one of the best climates in the world. I have a warm comfortable bed, even though it attacks me once in a while. My shoes fit. I have shoes. I have feet! And I have a couple of pages of more things to be grateful for. Just writing this makes me feel a lot better, because when you think a grateful, happy or loving thought, there’s no room in your mind for anything else. So happiness is simply deciding what you want to dwell on. And happiness equates to healthfulness. Sure, you have to face your problems, health and otherwise. But when you do, think of solutions rather than dwelling on the negatives.
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LATEST HEALTHY LIFE EXTENSION HEADLINES

Unregulated Prices Fall, While Quality Improves (October 31 2008) http://www.lef.org/magazine/mag2008/sep2008_Would-You-Tolerate-This-Abuse_01.htm
A piece from the LEF Magazine that makes the points about modern medical research that most people don't think about: "the public today tolerates federal and state laws that enable pharmaceutical companies to conduct business as a virtual monopoly. The result is that Americans pay outlandish prices for mediocre drugs that are often laden with side effects. Unlike regulated prescription drugs, the cost of dietary supplements has plummeted over the past three decades. In a free market environment, technological breakthroughs that occurred in telecommunications will also happen in medicine. More frightening is the suffocating effect that regulation has on the discovery of life-saving therapies. Just imagine if advancement in clinical medicine progressed at the same rapid rate as telecommunications. If it did, we would probably have cures for most killer diseases today!" Heavily regulated markets are bloated, slow markets, in which the incentives are so set as to discourage progress. Present regulation is a very real threat to the future of your health and longevity.

Incremental Improvements in Stem Cell Therapy (October 31 2008) http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-10/hms-scp102908.php
Researchers continue to find ways to alter stem cells to produce better therapies: "Adult stem cells resemble couch potatoes if they hang out and divide in a dish for too long. They get fat and lose key surface proteins, which interferes with their movement and reduces their therapeutic potential. Now, via a simple chemical procedure, researchers have found a way to get these cells off the couch and over to their therapeutic target. To do this, they simply added a molecule called SLeX to the surface of the cells. The procedure took just 45 minutes and restored an important biological function. Delivery remains one of the biggest hurdles to stem cell therapy. The blood stream offers a natural delivery vehicle, but stem cells don't move through blood vessels normally after being expanded in culture. Our procedure promises to overcome this obstacle. Karp cautions that his lab's discovery must be validated in animals, before doctors can apply it in the clinic. He's collaborating with another lab to test the homing ability of the SLeX-dotted cells in mice."

A Little More on IGF-1 and Growth Hormone (October 30 2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060254
Following up on a recent Fight Aging! post, more on the role of IGF-1 in longevity: "Using a mouse model relevant for humans, we showed that lifespan can be significantly extended by reducing the signaling selectively of a protein called IGF-I in the central nervous system. This caused growth retardation, smaller adult size, and metabolic alterations, and led to delayed mortality and longer mean lifespan. Thus, early changes in neuroendocrine development can durably modify the life trajectory in mammals. The underlying mechanism appears to be an adaptive plasticity of somatotropic functions allowing individuals to decelerate growth and preserve resources, and thereby improve fitness in challenging environments. Continuously low IGF-I and low growth hormone levels favor extended lifespan and postpone age-related mortality. Our results further challenge the view that administration of GH can prevent, or even counteract human aging. This knowledge is important since growth hormone is often prescribed to elderly people in an attempt to compensate the unwanted effects of aging."

Ouroboros on Mitochondrial Uncouplers (October 30 2008) http://ouroboros.wordpress.com/2008/10/30/mitochondrial-uncouplers-mimic-the-effects-of-calorie-restriction/
From Ouroboros: researchers "suggest that mitochondrial uncoupling is an effective mimic of [calorie restriction (CR)]. In mitochondria, the electron transport chain uses electrons from glucose and lipids to pump protons across a membrane. This proton gradient can be used to make energy in the form of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. The process is kind of like generating hydropower. Uncouplers work by putting a leak in the dam, which lets water through without going to the generator. They 'uncouple' the electron transport chain from oxidative phosphorylation, thus reducing the efficiency of energy production. Although animals have uncoupling proteins (these proteins are important for thermogenesis, especially during hibernation), so far there are no known agonists. The researchers instead used low doses of the mitochondria uncoupler DNP.
The DNP treated mice ate the same amount of food as control mice but had lower body mass [and] showed many phenotypes observed in calorie restricted mice. Like CR mice, DNP treated mice had higher rates of respiration with lower production of ROS. Most importantly, DNP treated mice showed an extended lifespan. This study suggests that mitochondrial uncouplers are an effective mimic of calorie restriction and might be a realistic therapeutic intervention for delaying aging and extending lifespan."

Lipids and Alzheimer's (October 28 2008) http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/126012.php
The brain is complex organ, and Alzheimer's is a complex disease: a wide range of strategies produce results that look promising while not addressing the root cause. Indeed, distinguishing symptoms from root causes in Alzheimer's is still an ongoing concern. Here is a potential strategy I have not seen mentioned before: "scientists working with laboratory mice have discovered that complete or partial removal of an enzyme that regulates fatty acid levels lessened the memory and learning deficits of Alzheimer's. The most striking change we discovered in the Alzheimer mice was an increase in arachidonic acid and related metabolites in the hippocampus, a memory center that is affected early and severely by Alzheimer's disease. An enzyme called group IVA phospholipase A2 (or PLA2) released arachidonic acid [in] the brain. Removal or even partial reduction of PLA2 prevented memory and learning deficits and other behavioral abnormalities in the Alzheimer mice." It is worth noting that PLA2 is upstream in biochemical signaling processes that lead to inflammation - I suspect this has more to do with inflammation than fatty acids per se.